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ISSN : 1229-9618(Print)
ISSN : 2671-7506(Online)
Chinese Studies Vol.96 pp.235-268
DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.14378/KACS.2026.96.96.11

The Differentiation and Hierarchical Structure of the Semantic Construction of the Structural Element ‘貝’ in the Xiaozhuan Forms of Shuowen Jiezi

Noh Min-Jung
한국교원대학교 인문사회과학교육연구소 연구교수

Abstract

This paper examines the semantic construction (構意) system of the structural element ‘貝’ in the Xiaozhuan forms of Shuowen Jiezi within the framework of Chinese character structure studies (漢字構形學). Unlike previous studies based mainly on radical classification, it selects data according to the direct structural element (直接構件). From the Da Xu edition of Shuowen Jiezi, 71 forms containing 貝 were identified, of which 68—the standalone 貝 and 67 forms in which 貝 performs a semantic function—were analyzed. The glosses and graphic explanations in Shuowen Jiezi served as primary evidence, supplemented by Shuowen Jiezi Xizhuan, Shuowen Jiezi Zhu, and pre-Qin and Han textual usages. The analysis shows that the basic semantic construction (基礎構意) of 貝 is “cowrie shell.” It generalizes into three primary derived semantic constructions (一 次衍生構意): “properties and uses of the cowrie shell,” “valuable goods,” and “cowrie currency,” which are further divided into nineteen secondary derived semantic constructions (二次衍生構意). 貝 performs a semantic function in 67 of the 71 forms, indicating that its semantic role was firmly established at the Xiaozhuan stage. In semantic-phonetic composition (義音合成), it primarily marks the semantic domain of a character, whereas in associative composition (會義合 成), it participates as a constituent of the object or action represented. The derived semantic constructions comprise 50 forms related to valuable goods, 13 to cowrie currency, and 4 to the properties and uses of cowrie shells. This distribution shows that 貝 extended beyond the specific function of currency to represent valuable goods and the value, transfer, exchange, and social relations associated with them.

초록

본 논문은 한자구형학을 바탕으로 說文解字 소전 構件 ‘貝’의 구의 체계와 구조 적 특징을 분석하였다. 부수 귀속이 아닌 直接構件을 기준으로 大徐本 說文에서 貝가 결합한 71자를 추출하고, 독체자인 貝와 貝가 표의기능을 수행하는 자형을 포 함한 68자를 구의 분석 대상으로 삼았다. 분석 결과, 貝의 기초구의인 ‘조개껍데기’는 ‘조개껍데기의 속성과 쓰임’, ‘보화’, ‘조개화폐’의 세 가지 일차 파생구의로 범화하고, 다시 19개의 이차 파생구의로 세분되었다. 또한 71자 가운데 67자에서 貝가 표의기 능을 수행하였으며, 의음합성에서는 의미 범주를 한정하고 회의합성에서는 대상이나 행위의 요소로 참여하였다. 파생구의는 보화 50자, 조개화폐 13자, 조개껍데기의 속 성과 쓰임 4자로 분포하였다. 이는 貝가 소전 단계에서 자연물이나 화폐의 표지를 넘어 재화의 가치와 이동, 교환 및 사회적 관계를 나타내는 표의구건으로 기능하였 음을 보여준다.

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